Key Immunological Techniques

Western Blot :

Used to detect specific proteins in a sample. Proteins are separated by electrophoresis on a gel, transferred onto a membrane, and incubated with specific antibodies. The signal is amplified and detected after adding a chemical agent or substrate. Western blot is widely used for protein identification, protein quantification, and molecular analysis in research and diagnostics, especially in protein expression studies and pathogen detection.

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Flow Cytometry :

Flow cytometry allows for the analysis and sorting of individual cells in a sample using antibodies labeled with fluorochromes. It is a highly effective method for surface protein quantification, cell size analysis, complexity analysis, and studying cell populations in hematological disorders, infections, and cancer research. This technique plays a crucial role in immune profiling, cell signaling, and disease monitoring.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC):

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to detect specific antigens in tissues, typically for pathological applications such as protein detection in biopsies. Antibodies are used to mark antigens in the tissues, and then a chromogenic or fluorescent agent is applied to reveal the presence of the antigen. IHC is an essential tool in tissue analysis, cancer diagnostics, and biomarker discovery, offering insights into cellular localization, disease progression, and therapeutic responses.

These immunological techniques are fundamental in biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, and drug development, providing detailed insights into protein functions, cellular behaviors, and disease mechanisms.